Evaluating Independence

Independence is about observations and relationships between observations.

Independence Within Groups

• What are the groups in your analysis?
• Are the observations within those groups related?
  • Is an observation included multiple times within a group?
  • Are there relationships (e.g., biological, spatial, temporal) between the observations?

Independence Between Groups

• What are the groups in your analysis?
• Are the observations between those groups related?
  • Can an observation appear in more than one group?